Apogee Mini-Series FireWire Manuale Utente

David MashBerklee College of Musicdmash@berklee.eduwww.mashine.comwww.berkleemusic.comwww.berkleeshares.comwww.berklee.eduMastering LogicMacworld SF ‘

PCMCIA (PC) Card InterfacesHighly portableHigh speed bus supports multichannel (4x4) audioRequires PowerBook (not iBook) with PC slotUses proprietary

PCI or PCIX CardsFeature DSP processingUse breakout box for I/OHigh sampling rates, high resolutionReduced load on the CPU

MIDI InterfacesSimple input/outputMultiportIntegrated Interfaces

Simple MIDI InterfacesUsually connects through USBProvides a single input and outputEdirol (UM1-ex), M-Audio (MIDIsport 1x1, or Uno) are good choices

Multiport InterfacesMultiple inputs and outputsMotu MIDI Time Piece A/VM-Audio MIDIsport 4x4 or 8x8Edirol UM-3ex

Integrated InterfacesMIDI input/output integrated into products with other functionsKeyboardsAudio InterfacesMixers

MIDI DevicesSynthesizers & SamplersInstrumental ControllersControl Surfaces

Synthesizers & Samplers

Instrumental Controllers

Control SurfacesExtended physical user-interface for virtual mixers and synthesizersMay emulate “standard” controllers or provide unique approaches t

OverviewGoal: Acquire a deeper understanding of how Logic works, explore various approaches to managing workflow in Logic, and complete a musical proje

Control SurfacesStandard used in almost all software is the Mackie HUI (Human User Interface)Mackie ControlHUIBaby HUIYamaha MixersTascam Mixers

Multifunction DevicesServe multiple purposes:MIDI interfaceKeyboardAudio interfaceControl SurfaceNovation Remote 25 AudioM-Audio Ozonic

MixersAnalogDigital with control surface

MixersSimple audio mixerAutomatedIntegrated control surfaceIntegrated audio interface

Simple Audio MixersAnalog mixers:MackieYamaha

Digital MixersMotorized FadersControl SurfaceAudio InterfaceM-Audio: ProjectMix I/OTascam: FW1082Yamaha: DM 1000, 01X

Hardware StrategiesConfigure with Audio MIDI SetupRun Logic Setup AssistantBuild from scratch in the Environment.

Program StructureEdit WindowsGlobal PreferencesSong DataSong PreferencesAudio FilesSetting Files

Logic SongsSong FileTracksMIDI (External MIDI device)Audio (Recording or Apple Loop)Audio Instrument (Software Instrument)Other Logic ObjectsRegionsDa

Managing Files and ProjectsSong filesPreference filesSettings filesExternal filesProjects

Day 1: Understanding LogicSetup & StructureSystem setupLogic setupManaging files and projectsSignal flowRecording, editing, & mixingPlug-ins

Song FilesSequence informationPointers to external files (like audio)Settings used by all plug-insSong Preferences (synchronization, metronome, recordi

Song Settings

Preference Filescom.apple.logic.pro: most preferences set within the program, including key commandscom.apple.logic.pro.cs: settings for control surfa

Global Preferences

Settings FilesThese files hold settings for various elements of the program: plug-ins, instruments, reverb impulses, and song templates.User settings a

External FilesThese are files used by the Song file, but which are separate external files:Audio files - audio files in any of a variety of formats used by

ProjectsA song may be consolidated into a project, which will aggregate all external files, settings, and preferences. A Project Folder can then be mov

Project Manager WindowThis editor window allows you to manage files used by Logic, both for the current song, as well as any files on mounted drives.

Signal Flow in LogicMIDI Data flowAudio Data flowSynchronization signal flow

MIDI Data FlowMIDI data enters from the physical input(s) and then is routed to Recording (sequencer) and through to selected track for realtime playb

Setup & StructureSystem structureLogic and external hardwareProgram structureManaging files and projects

Audio Data FlowAudio data comes in through CoreAudio, DAE, or DTDM and then is routed through an audio object to a Track, Aux, Bus, Rewire channel, et

SynchronizationLogic allows you to sync to an external clock, and to drive SMPTE signals to external devices.

Setting up your SystemLogic Setup Assistant - HardwareEnvironmentScreen setsKey commandsAutoload

Logic Setup AssistantRuns automatically the very first time Logic is run after installationCan be run subsequently by:Trashing the com.apple.logic.Setu

The Logic EnvironmentThe Environment is a very powerful programming and routing platform within Logic. You can process and route MIDI data, route audi

Screen SetsLogic allows for up to 99 Screen Sets, a memorized collection of windows, their content, and placement.Screen Sets give you the power to ma

Key CommandsLogic allows you to completely configure the program to use whatever key strokes or MIDI input you want for just about any menu function.As

AutoloadLogic allows you to create templates for different purposes, and to store and recall these as the basis for new songs.The Autoload Song is a s

Recording in LogicReal-time entryStep entryLoop recordingPunch in/out

Real-Time RecordingBest for musical performanceRecord-enable a trackMetronomeCount-offRecordStop

System StructureLogicHardwareCoreAudio CoreMIDISystem

Step Entry RecordingParticularly good for:difficult instrumental passagesgestures such as glissandos and timpani rollscertain techno and synth-pop/danc

Loop RecordingSet loop location/lengthMetronomeCount-offRecordOther options:Merge regionsCreate new tracksAuto mute

Punch-in/out RecordingGood for repairing slight problems in otherwise good takeSet in and out pointsSet metronomeSet countoffRecord

Editing in LogicGlobalTrackEventEditing Windows

Global EditingThese are edits that affect the entire song:TempoTime SignatureKeyLength

Track-level EditingThese are edits that affect a single trackVelocityDynamicsGate timeDelayTransposition

Event-level EditingThese edits affect a single event, or range of events:PitchVelocityVolumelocationDuration

Editing WindowsList EditorGraphic EditorsMatrix EditHyper EditPlug-in EditorsNotation Editor

Mixing in LogicSetting LevelsEqualizationPlacing sounds in spaceSignal processingStereo or surround mixdown

Setting levelsThree places in a typical mixer to set levels:Level coming into the mixer: TrimLevel to the channel strip: Channel FaderLevel of all cha

Logic and External HardwareAudio InterfacesMIDI InterfacesMIDI DevicesMixers

EqualizationChanging the spectrum of a soundFilters - Boost or cut range(s) of frequencyShelving filtersParametric EQGraphic EQ

Comparing Spectra

Placing Sound in SpacePanningReverbLeftRightFrontBack

Sound in 3D

Signal ProcessingCategoryFunctionEffectDynamicsChanges the loudness of a recordingCompression Limiting Expansion GatingEqualizationChanges the tone co

MixdownMultiple track playback to stereoMultiple track playback to surroundBouncing to disk

Plug-insLogic Plug-ins (DSP & Instruments)Native to Logic - optimized for performance inside LogicExternal Plug-ins (DSP & Instruments)General

What’s a Plug-in?Software program that uses a host software application as a platform for operation Application SoftwareHardwareOperating SystemCoreAu

Plug-in TypesDigital Signal ProcessorSoftware InstrumentLogicAudio UnitTDM

Managing Plug-insLogic Plug-ins are stored in the Logic Package: Logic Pro/Contents/Resources/

Audio InterfacesFrom least to most expensive:Built-in (not available on all models)USB:Griffin iMicSeries of products from Edirol and M-AudioApogee Min

Managing Plug-insExternal Plug-ins are stored in two possible locations:/Library/Audio/Plug-ins~/Library/Audio/Plug-insAudio Units in Components Folde

General DSP CategoriesCategoryDescriptionExampleSpectrumThese processors affect the tone color of a sound and allow us to equalize audio, create speci

Spectrum: FiltersFilter TypeFilter NameFunctionControlsCutoff FilterHigh PassFilters frequencies below the cutoffCutoff FrequencyCutoff FilterLow Pass

Dynamics ProcessorsCompression: The goal is to reduce the dynamic range of a signal and usually boost the overall output. The ratio is typically set b

Time-based ProcessesCategoryType of EffectDelay Time RangeDescriptionDelay EffectsEcho150 ms and higherDistinct multiple repetitionsSlapback50 ms - 15

Reverb - Space ProcessingReverb: creating an sense of space!the sound we hear directly from a source the first sounds reflected from nearby surfaces cal

Software InstrumentsEmulated InstrumentsSamplersSynthesizers

Logic Emulated InstrumentsElectric PianoEVP88OrganEVB3ClavinetEVD6

AU Emulated InstrumentsElectric PianoNI Elektrik PianoOrganNI B4MelotronG-Media M-Tron

Logic Drum MachineUltrabeat

USB InterfacesInexpensiveExcellent for stereo applicationsSome will support surroundSome support direct digital transfer via S/PDIF (optical or coaxia

External Drum MachinesNative Instruments: BatterySubmersible Music: DrumCore

SamplersEmagic EXS24mkIIPopular AU SamplersMOTU Mach FiveNative Instruments KontaktIK Multimedia SampleTankPopular LibrariesVienna Symphonic LibraryGa

SynthesizersRetro EmulationsModern approachesTrue Modular

Retro EmulationsHard-wired synthesizers modeled after physical instruments

Modern Approaches:Emagic ES-2 InterfaceModeled after synthesis functionality

Modern Approaches:Emagic ES-2 InterfaceModeled after synthesis functionality

Modern Approaches:Emagic ES-2 InterfaceModeled after synthesis functionalityThe Block Diagram of signal flow

Modern Approaches:Emagic ES-2 Interface

True Modular InstrumentsUser-configurable modular synthesizers

System PerformanceMinimize I/O LatencySaving process cyclesChannel Inserts vs BusingFreezing TracksCPU Monitoring

FireWire InterfacesSlightly more expensive than USBMuch faster bus: 400mbps vs 12mbpsExcellent for multichannel input/outputPortable (between systems)

System ConfigurationDriver settingsLatency - the time between input and outputI/O Buffer - holds data in transfer between audio hardware and CPUDisk bu

Inserts vs BusingChannel Inserts give great control for each musical part but tax the processorEffects busing gives less individual control but is a v

Day 2: Producing Music with Logic

Producing Music with Logic: ProcessMusical IdeaRecordingEditingMixingMastering

Definitions:Buzzwords 101S/PDIF - the Sony/Phillips Digital Interface Format. Unidirectional stereo over coaxial cable. May also be sent via optical ca

And More BuzzwordsLatency - the time between between input and output, usually measured in millisecondsBuffer - a temporary memory space for holding d

File FormatsStandardsSDIIAIFF (.aif)WAV (.wav)MP3Apple LoopsOMFQuickTime (.mov)Standard MIDI File (.mid)

Plug-in FormatsFormatUseSupportedVSTGeneral Native ProcessingxMASMark of the Unicorn-specific native processingxTDMSpecialized hardware DSP from Digide